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“A 16-bits IPv4 fragment ID should be innocent until proven guilty” David Llamas, Security researcher at the University of St Andrews

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The School of Computer Science at the University of St Andrews
The School of Computer Science at the University of St Andrews
The School of Computer Science is a centre of excellence for computer science teaching and research with staff and students from Scotland and all parts of the world. read more ...

IPv4 Exhaustion Counter



Welcome to Kruptos



This is the official website of the "Covert Channels and Steganography in Computer Networks" research project at the Distributed Systems and Networks Research Group at the University of St Andrews.

A covert channel is a communication channel that allows two cooperating processes to transfer information in a manner that violates the system’s security policy. It is thus a way of communicating which is not part of the original design of the system.

The use of the covert channels and steganography in public computer networks can prove an effective means of information hiding and secret communication.

Covert Channels


With the widespread adoption of the Internet the TCP/IP suite of protocols have become pervasive, and therefore an attractive target for the use of these techniques. Opportunities for the creation of covert channels exist at all layers in the TCP/IP protocol stack.


University of St Andrews     University of St Andrews
School of Computer Science
North Haugh
St Andrews KY16 9SX
Scotland
UK

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